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[Xen-devel] [PATCH v6 09/15] x86: add multiboot2 protocol support for EFI platforms



This way Xen can be loaded on EFI platforms using GRUB2 and
other boot loaders which support multiboot2 protocol.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
v6 - suggestions/fixes:
   - improve label names in assembly
     error printing code
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - improve comments
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - various minor cleanups and fixes
     (suggested by Jan Beulich).

v4 - suggestions/fixes:
   - remove redundant BSS alignment,
   - update BSS alignment check,
   - use __set_bit() instead of set_bit() if possible
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - call efi_arch_cpu() from efi_multiboot2()
     even if the same work is done later in
     other place right now
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - xen/arch/x86/efi/stub.c:efi_multiboot2()
     fail properly on EFI platforms,
   - do not read data beyond the end of multiboot2
     information in xen/arch/x86/boot/head.S
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - use 32-bit registers in x86_64 code if possible
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - multiboot2 information address is 64-bit
     in x86_64 code, so, treat it is as is
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - use cmovcc if possible,
   - leave only one space between rep and stosq
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - improve error handling,
   - improve early error messages,
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - improve early error messages printing code,
   - improve label names
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - improve comments
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - various minor cleanups.

v3 - suggestions/fixes:
   - take into account alignment when skipping multiboot2 fixed part
     (suggested by Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk),
   - improve segment registers initialization
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - improve comments
     (suggested by Jan Beulich and Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk),
   - improve commit message
     (suggested by Jan Beulich).

v2 - suggestions/fixes:
   - generate multiboot2 header using macros
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - switch CPU to x86_32 mode before
     jumping to 32-bit code
     (suggested by Andrew Cooper),
   - reduce code changes to increase patch readability
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - improve comments
     (suggested by Jan Beulich),
   - ignore MULTIBOOT2_TAG_TYPE_BASIC_MEMINFO tag on EFI platform
     and find on my own multiboot2.mem_lower value,
   - stop execution if EFI platform is detected
     in legacy BIOS path.
---
 xen/arch/x86/boot/head.S          |  255 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 xen/arch/x86/efi/efi-boot.h       |   49 ++++++-
 xen/arch/x86/efi/stub.c           |   37 ++++++
 xen/arch/x86/x86_64/asm-offsets.c |    2 +
 xen/arch/x86/xen.lds.S            |    4 +-
 xen/common/efi/boot.c             |   11 ++
 6 files changed, 336 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/xen/arch/x86/boot/head.S b/xen/arch/x86/boot/head.S
index 383ff79..00fa47d 100644
--- a/xen/arch/x86/boot/head.S
+++ b/xen/arch/x86/boot/head.S
@@ -89,6 +89,13 @@ multiboot2_header_start:
                    0, /* Number of the lines - no preference. */ \
                    0  /* Number of bits per pixel - no preference. */
 
+        /* Inhibit bootloader from calling ExitBootServices(). */
+        mb2ht_init MB2_HT(EFI_BS), MB2_HT(OPTIONAL)
+
+        /* EFI64 entry point. */
+        mb2ht_init MB2_HT(ENTRY_ADDRESS_EFI64), MB2_HT(OPTIONAL), \
+                   sym_phys(__efi64_start)
+
         /* Multiboot2 header end tag. */
         mb2ht_init MB2_HT(END), MB2_HT(REQUIRED)
 .Lmultiboot2_header_end:
@@ -100,20 +107,49 @@ multiboot2_header_start:
 gdt_boot_descr:
         .word   6*8-1
         .long   sym_phys(trampoline_gdt)
+        .long   0 /* Needed for 64-bit lgdt */
+
+cs32_switch_addr:
+        .long   sym_phys(cs32_switch)
+        .word   BOOT_CS32
+
+        .align 4
+vga_text_buffer:
+        .long   0xb8000
 
 .Lbad_cpu_msg: .asciz "ERR: Not a 64-bit CPU!"
 .Lbad_ldr_msg: .asciz "ERR: Not a Multiboot bootloader!"
+.Lbad_ldr_nbs: .asciz "ERR: Bootloader shutdown EFI x64 boot services!"
+.Lbad_ldr_nst: .asciz "ERR: EFI SystemTable is not provided by bootloader!"
+.Lbad_ldr_nih: .asciz "ERR: EFI ImageHandle is not provided by bootloader!"
+.Lbad_efi_msg: .asciz "ERR: EFI IA-32 platforms are not supported!"
 
         .section .init.text, "ax", @progbits
 
 bad_cpu:
         mov     $(sym_phys(.Lbad_cpu_msg)),%esi # Error message
-        jmp     print_err
+        jmp     .Lget_vtb
 not_multiboot:
         mov     $(sym_phys(.Lbad_ldr_msg)),%esi # Error message
-print_err:
-        mov     $0xB8000,%edi  # VGA framebuffer
-1:      mov     (%esi),%bl
+        jmp     .Lget_vtb
+.Lmb2_no_st:
+        mov     $(sym_phys(.Lbad_ldr_nst)),%esi # Error message
+        jmp     .Lget_vtb
+.Lmb2_no_ih:
+        mov     $(sym_phys(.Lbad_ldr_nih)),%esi # Error message
+        jmp     .Lget_vtb
+.Lmb2_no_bs:
+        mov     $(sym_phys(.Lbad_ldr_nbs)),%esi # Error message
+        xor     %edi,%edi                       # No VGA text buffer
+        jmp     .Lsend_chr
+.Lmb2_efi_ia_32:
+        mov     $(sym_phys(.Lbad_efi_msg)),%esi # Error message
+        xor     %edi,%edi                       # No VGA text buffer
+        jmp     .Lsend_chr
+.Lget_vtb:
+        mov     sym_phys(vga_text_buffer),%edi
+.Lsend_chr:
+        mov     (%esi),%bl
         test    %bl,%bl        # Terminate on '\0' sentinel
         je      .Lhalt
         mov     $0x3f8+5,%dx   # UART Line Status Register
@@ -123,13 +159,180 @@ print_err:
         mov     $0x3f8+0,%dx   # UART Transmit Holding Register
         mov     %bl,%al
         out     %al,%dx        # Send a character over the serial line
-        movsb                  # Write a character to the VGA framebuffer
+        test    %edi,%edi      # Is the VGA text buffer available?
+        jz      .Lsend_chr
+        movsb                  # Write a character to the VGA text buffer
         mov     $7,%al
-        stosb                  # Write an attribute to the VGA framebuffer
-        jmp     1b
+        stosb                  # Write an attribute to the VGA text buffer
+        jmp     .Lsend_chr
 .Lhalt: hlt
         jmp     .Lhalt
 
+        .code64
+
+__efi64_start:
+        cld
+
+        /* VGA is not available on EFI platforms. */
+        movl   $0,vga_text_buffer(%rip)
+
+        /* Check for Multiboot2 bootloader. */
+        cmp     $MULTIBOOT2_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC,%eax
+        je      .Lefi_multiboot2_proto
+
+        /* Jump to not_multiboot after switching CPU to x86_32 mode. */
+        lea     not_multiboot(%rip),%edi
+        jmp     x86_32_switch
+
+.Lefi_multiboot2_proto:
+        /* Zero EFI SystemTable and EFI ImageHandle addresses. */
+        xor     %esi,%esi
+        xor     %edi,%edi
+
+        /* Skip Multiboot2 information fixed part. */
+        lea     (MB2_fixed_sizeof+MULTIBOOT2_TAG_ALIGN-1)(%rbx),%ecx
+        and     $~(MULTIBOOT2_TAG_ALIGN-1),%ecx
+
+0:
+        /* Check Multiboot2 information total size. */
+        mov     %ecx,%r8d
+        sub     %ebx,%r8d
+        cmp     %r8d,MB2_fixed_total_size(%rbx)
+        jbe     run_bs
+
+        /* Are EFI boot services available? */
+        cmpl    $MULTIBOOT2_TAG_TYPE_EFI_BS,MB2_tag_type(%rcx)
+        jne     1f
+
+        /*
+         * Yes, store that info in skip_realmode variable. I agree that
+         * its name is a bit unfortunate in this context, however, by the
+         * way we disable real mode and other legacy stuff which should
+         * not be run on EFI platforms.
+         */
+        incb    skip_realmode(%rip)
+        jmp     9f
+
+1:
+        /* Get EFI SystemTable address from Multiboot2 information. */
+        cmpl    $MULTIBOOT2_TAG_TYPE_EFI64,MB2_tag_type(%rcx)
+        cmove   MB2_efi64_st(%rcx),%rsi
+        je      9f
+
+        /* Get EFI ImageHandle address from Multiboot2 information. */
+        cmpl    $MULTIBOOT2_TAG_TYPE_EFI64_IH,MB2_tag_type(%rcx)
+        cmove   MB2_efi64_ih(%rcx),%rdi
+        je      9f
+
+        /* Is it the end of Multiboot2 information? */
+        cmpl    $MULTIBOOT2_TAG_TYPE_END,MB2_tag_type(%rcx)
+        je      run_bs
+
+9:
+        /* Go to next Multiboot2 information tag. */
+        add     MB2_tag_size(%rcx),%ecx
+        add     $(MULTIBOOT2_TAG_ALIGN-1),%ecx
+        and     $~(MULTIBOOT2_TAG_ALIGN-1),%ecx
+        jmp     0b
+
+run_bs:
+        /* Are EFI boot services available? */
+        cmpb    $0,skip_realmode(%rip)
+        jnz     0f
+
+        /* Jump to .Lmb2_no_bs after switching CPU to x86_32 mode. */
+        lea     .Lmb2_no_bs(%rip),%edi
+        jmp     x86_32_switch
+
+0:
+        /* Is EFI SystemTable address provided by boot loader? */
+        test    %rsi,%rsi
+        jnz     1f
+
+        /* Jump to .Lmb2_no_st after switching CPU to x86_32 mode. */
+        lea     .Lmb2_no_st(%rip),%edi
+        jmp     x86_32_switch
+
+1:
+        /* Is EFI ImageHandle address provided by boot loader? */
+        test    %rdi,%rdi
+        jnz     2f
+
+        /* Jump to .Lmb2_no_ih after switching CPU to x86_32 mode. */
+        lea     .Lmb2_no_ih(%rip),%edi
+        jmp     x86_32_switch
+
+2:
+        push    %rax
+        push    %rdi
+
+        /*
+         * Initialize BSS (no nasty surprises!).
+         * It must be done earlier than in BIOS case
+         * because efi_multiboot2() touches it.
+         */
+        lea     .startof.(.bss)(%rip),%edi
+        mov     $.sizeof.(.bss),%ecx
+        shr     $3,%ecx
+        xor     %eax,%eax
+        rep stosq
+
+        pop     %rdi
+
+        /*
+         * efi_multiboot2() is called according to System V AMD64 ABI:
+         *   - IN: %rdi - EFI ImageHandle, %rsi - EFI SystemTable,
+         *   - OUT: %rax - highest usable memory address below 1 MiB;
+         *                 memory there is used later for stack and
+         *                 as a storage for boot data.
+         *
+         * MULTIBOOT2_TAG_TYPE_BASIC_MEMINFO tag is not provided
+         * on EFI platforms. Hence, it could not be used like
+         * on legacy BIOS platforms.
+         */
+        call    efi_multiboot2
+
+        /* Convert memory address to bytes/16 and store it in safe place. */
+        shr     $4,%eax
+        mov     %eax,%ecx
+
+        pop     %rax
+
+        /* Jump to trampoline_setup after switching CPU to x86_32 mode. */
+        lea     trampoline_setup(%rip),%edi
+
+x86_32_switch:
+        cli
+
+        /* Initialize GDTR. */
+        lgdt    gdt_boot_descr(%rip)
+
+        /* Reload code selector. */
+        ljmpl   *cs32_switch_addr(%rip)
+
+        .code32
+
+cs32_switch:
+        /* Initialize basic data segments. */
+        mov     $BOOT_DS,%edx
+        mov     %edx,%ds
+        mov     %edx,%es
+        mov     %edx,%ss
+        /* %esp is initialized later. */
+
+        /* Load null descriptor to unused segment registers. */
+        xor     %edx,%edx
+        mov     %edx,%fs
+        mov     %edx,%gs
+
+        /* Disable paging. */
+        mov     %cr0,%edx
+        and     $(~X86_CR0_PG),%edx
+        mov     %edx,%cr0
+
+        /* Jump to earlier loaded address. */
+        jmp     *%edi
+
 __start:
         cld
         cli
@@ -157,7 +360,7 @@ __start:
 
         /* Not available? BDA value will be fine. */
         cmovnz  MB_mem_lower(%ebx),%edx
-        jmp     trampoline_setup
+        jmp     trampoline_bios_setup
 
 .Lmultiboot2_proto:
         /* Skip Multiboot2 information fixed part. */
@@ -169,16 +372,24 @@ __start:
         mov     %ecx,%edi
         sub     %ebx,%edi
         cmp     %edi,MB2_fixed_total_size(%ebx)
-        jbe     trampoline_setup
+        jbe     trampoline_bios_setup
 
         /* Get mem_lower from Multiboot2 information. */
         cmpl    $MULTIBOOT2_TAG_TYPE_BASIC_MEMINFO,MB2_tag_type(%ecx)
         cmove   MB2_mem_lower(%ecx),%edx
-        je      trampoline_setup
+        je      trampoline_bios_setup
+
+        /* EFI IA-32 platforms are not supported. */
+        cmpl    $MULTIBOOT2_TAG_TYPE_EFI32,MB2_tag_type(%ecx)
+        je      .Lmb2_efi_ia_32
+
+        /* Bootloader shutdown EFI x64 boot services. */
+        cmpl    $MULTIBOOT2_TAG_TYPE_EFI64,MB2_tag_type(%ecx)
+        je      .Lmb2_no_bs
 
         /* Is it the end of Multiboot2 information? */
         cmpl    $MULTIBOOT2_TAG_TYPE_END,MB2_tag_type(%ecx)
-        je      trampoline_setup
+        je      trampoline_bios_setup
 
         /* Go to next Multiboot2 information tag. */
         add     MB2_tag_size(%ecx),%ecx
@@ -186,7 +397,7 @@ __start:
         and     $~(MULTIBOOT2_TAG_ALIGN-1),%ecx
         jmp     0b
 
-trampoline_setup:
+trampoline_bios_setup:
         /* Set up trampoline segment 64k below EBDA */
         movzwl  0x40e,%ecx          /* EBDA segment */
         cmp     $0xa000,%ecx        /* sanity check (high) */
@@ -202,12 +413,13 @@ trampoline_setup:
          * multiboot structure (if available) and use the smallest.
          */
         cmp     $0x100,%edx         /* is the multiboot value too small? */
-        jb      2f                  /* if so, do not use it */
+        jb      trampoline_setup    /* if so, do not use it */
         shl     $10-4,%edx
         cmp     %ecx,%edx           /* compare with BDA value */
         cmovb   %edx,%ecx           /* and use the smaller */
 
-2:      /* Reserve 64kb for the trampoline */
+trampoline_setup:
+        /* Reserve 64kb for the trampoline. */
         sub     $0x1000,%ecx
 
         /* From arch/x86/smpboot.c: start_eip had better be page-aligned! */
@@ -223,7 +435,14 @@ trampoline_setup:
         call    reloc
         mov     %eax,sym_phys(multiboot_ptr)
 
-        /* Initialize BSS (no nasty surprises!) */
+        /*
+         * Do not zero BSS on EFI platform here.
+         * It was initialized earlier.
+         */
+        cmpb    $0,sym_phys(skip_realmode)
+        jnz     1f
+
+        /* Initialize BSS (no nasty surprises!). */
         mov     $sym_phys(__bss_start),%edi
         mov     $sym_phys(__bss_end),%ecx
         sub     %edi,%ecx
@@ -231,6 +450,7 @@ trampoline_setup:
         shr     $2,%ecx
         rep stosl
 
+1:
         /* Interrogate CPU extended features via CPUID. */
         mov     $0x80000000,%eax
         cpuid
@@ -282,8 +502,13 @@ trampoline_setup:
         cmp     $sym_phys(__trampoline_seg_stop),%edi
         jb      1b
 
+        /* Do not parse command line on EFI platform here. */
+        cmpb    $0,sym_phys(skip_realmode)
+        jnz     1f
+
         call    cmdline_parse_early
 
+1:
         /* Switch to low-memory stack.  */
         mov     sym_phys(trampoline_phys),%edi
         lea     0x10000(%edi),%esp
diff --git a/xen/arch/x86/efi/efi-boot.h b/xen/arch/x86/efi/efi-boot.h
index 42cc5f8..a17e315 100644
--- a/xen/arch/x86/efi/efi-boot.h
+++ b/xen/arch/x86/efi/efi-boot.h
@@ -213,12 +213,14 @@ static void *__init efi_arch_allocate_mmap_buffer(UINTN 
map_size)
 
 static void __init efi_arch_pre_exit_boot(void)
 {
-    if ( !trampoline_phys )
-    {
-        if ( !cfg.addr )
-            blexit(L"No memory for trampoline");
+    if ( trampoline_phys )
+        return;
+
+    if ( !cfg.addr )
+        blexit(L"No memory for trampoline");
+
+    if ( efi_enabled(EFI_LOADER) )
         relocate_trampoline(cfg.addr);
-    }
 }
 
 static void __init noreturn efi_arch_post_exit_boot(void)
@@ -656,6 +658,43 @@ static bool_t __init 
efi_arch_use_config_file(EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE *SystemTable)
 
 static void efi_arch_flush_dcache_area(const void *vaddr, UINTN size) { }
 
+paddr_t __init efi_multiboot2(EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle, EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE 
*SystemTable)
+{
+    EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL *gop;
+    UINTN cols, gop_mode = ~0, rows;
+
+    __set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi_flags);
+    __set_bit(EFI_RS, &efi_flags);
+
+    efi_init(ImageHandle, SystemTable);
+
+    efi_console_set_mode();
+
+    if ( StdOut->QueryMode(StdOut, StdOut->Mode->Mode,
+                           &cols, &rows) == EFI_SUCCESS )
+        efi_arch_console_init(cols, rows);
+
+    gop = efi_get_gop();
+
+    if ( gop )
+        gop_mode = efi_find_gop_mode(gop, 0, 0, 0);
+
+    efi_arch_edd();
+    efi_arch_cpu();
+
+    efi_tables();
+    setup_efi_pci();
+    efi_variables();
+
+    if ( gop )
+        efi_set_gop_mode(gop, gop_mode);
+
+    efi_exit_boot(ImageHandle, SystemTable);
+
+    /* Return highest usable memory address below 1 MiB. */
+    return cfg.addr;
+}
+
 /*
  * Local variables:
  * mode: C
diff --git a/xen/arch/x86/efi/stub.c b/xen/arch/x86/efi/stub.c
index 014739a..d313b33 100644
--- a/xen/arch/x86/efi/stub.c
+++ b/xen/arch/x86/efi/stub.c
@@ -3,6 +3,43 @@
 #include <xen/init.h>
 #include <xen/lib.h>
 #include <asm/page.h>
+#include <asm/efibind.h>
+#include <efi/efidef.h>
+#include <efi/eficapsule.h>
+#include <efi/eficon.h>
+#include <efi/efidevp.h>
+#include <efi/efiapi.h>
+
+/*
+ * Here we are in EFI stub. EFI calls are not supported due to lack
+ * of relevant functionality in compiler and/or linker.
+ *
+ * efi_multiboot2() is an exception. Please look below for more details.
+ */
+
+paddr_t __init noreturn efi_multiboot2(EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle, 
EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE *SystemTable)
+{
+    CHAR16 *err = L"Xen does not have EFI code build in!!!\r\nSystem 
halted!!!\r\n";
+    SIMPLE_TEXT_OUTPUT_INTERFACE *StdErr;
+
+    StdErr = SystemTable->StdErr ? SystemTable->StdErr : SystemTable->ConOut;
+
+    /*
+     * Print error message and halt the system.
+     *
+     * We have to open code MS x64 calling convention
+     * in assembly because here this convention is not
+     * directly supported by C compiler and/or linker.
+     */
+    asm volatile(
+    "    call %2                      \n"
+    "0:  hlt                          \n"
+    "    jmp  0b                      \n"
+       : "+c" (StdErr), "+d" (err) : "g" (StdErr->OutputString)
+       : "rax", "r8", "r9", "r10", "r11", "memory");
+
+    unreachable();
+}
 
 bool efi_enabled(unsigned int feature)
 {
diff --git a/xen/arch/x86/x86_64/asm-offsets.c 
b/xen/arch/x86/x86_64/asm-offsets.c
index b437a8f..2a22659 100644
--- a/xen/arch/x86/x86_64/asm-offsets.c
+++ b/xen/arch/x86/x86_64/asm-offsets.c
@@ -175,6 +175,8 @@ void __dummy__(void)
     OFFSET(MB2_tag_type, multiboot2_tag_t, type);
     OFFSET(MB2_tag_size, multiboot2_tag_t, size);
     OFFSET(MB2_mem_lower, multiboot2_tag_basic_meminfo_t, mem_lower);
+    OFFSET(MB2_efi64_st, multiboot2_tag_efi64_t, pointer);
+    OFFSET(MB2_efi64_ih, multiboot2_tag_efi64_ih_t, pointer);
     BLANK();
 
     OFFSET(DOMAIN_vm_assist, struct domain, vm_assist);
diff --git a/xen/arch/x86/xen.lds.S b/xen/arch/x86/xen.lds.S
index 57f5368..d7bd03e 100644
--- a/xen/arch/x86/xen.lds.S
+++ b/xen/arch/x86/xen.lds.S
@@ -332,5 +332,5 @@ ASSERT(IS_ALIGNED(__init_end,   PAGE_SIZE), "__init_end 
misaligned")
 
 ASSERT(IS_ALIGNED(trampoline_start, 4), "trampoline_start misaligned")
 ASSERT(IS_ALIGNED(trampoline_end,   4), "trampoline_end misaligned")
-ASSERT(IS_ALIGNED(__bss_start,      4), "__bss_start misaligned")
-ASSERT(IS_ALIGNED(__bss_end,        4), "__bss_end misaligned")
+ASSERT(IS_ALIGNED(__bss_start,      8), "__bss_start misaligned")
+ASSERT(IS_ALIGNED(__bss_end,        8), "__bss_end misaligned")
diff --git a/xen/common/efi/boot.c b/xen/common/efi/boot.c
index 192c0b8..5edb87d 100644
--- a/xen/common/efi/boot.c
+++ b/xen/common/efi/boot.c
@@ -81,6 +81,17 @@ static bool_t match_guid(const EFI_GUID *guid1, const 
EFI_GUID *guid2);
 
 static void *ebmalloc(size_t size);
 
+static void efi_init(EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle, EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE *SystemTable);
+static void efi_console_set_mode(void);
+static EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL *efi_get_gop(void);
+static UINTN efi_find_gop_mode(EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL *gop,
+                               UINTN cols, UINTN rows, UINTN depth);
+static void efi_tables(void);
+static void setup_efi_pci(void);
+static void efi_variables(void);
+static void efi_set_gop_mode(EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL *gop, UINTN 
gop_mode);
+static void efi_exit_boot(EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle, EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE 
*SystemTable);
+
 static const EFI_BOOT_SERVICES *__initdata efi_bs;
 static UINT32 __initdata efi_bs_revision;
 static EFI_HANDLE __initdata efi_ih;
-- 
1.7.10.4


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