RE: [Xen-devel] Balloon tests

["Ian Pratt" <m+Ian.Pratt@xxxxxxxxxxxx>]

> I've submitted these before, and there were no comments.  Any 
> suggestions for addition tests on the balloon driver would be 
> appreciated.  Here it is again as a patch putting them under 
> /tools/tests/balloon.

Unrelated, but are we going to move /proc/xen/balloon to somewhere under
/sys e.g. /sys/xen/mem_target or something?

Ian

 
> --
> Thanks,
> Paul Larson
> plars@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> http://www.linuxtestproject.org
> 
> # HG changeset patch
> # User root@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> # Node ID fa47e95d40dc1cd96ff54555284efd60bbdd6406
> # Parent  b63577ff53a3161ac73b55e0aa87803e76c8bde5
> Add simple set of tests for balloon driver
> 
> These can be executed individually, or with make check from 
> the balloon directory.  The ballon06 test is skipped in make 
> check for the time being, and has a big warning and 10 second 
> delay when you run it standalone since it exposes the system 
> hang bug described in bug #145.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> 
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/Makefile
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/Makefile    Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
> +CFLAGS=-g -Wall -Werror
> +
> +PROGS=balloon07 balloon08 balloon09 memsteal
> +
> +#balloon06 is left out on purpose due to a known, fatal bug
> +TESTS=balloon01 balloon02 balloon03 balloon04 balloon05 balloon07 \
> +      balloon08 balloon09
> +
> +all: $(PROGS)
> +
> +balloon07: balloon07.o
> +balloon08: balloon08.o
> +balloon09: balloon09.o
> +memsteal: memsteal.o
> +
> +clean:
> +     $(RM) *.o $(PROGS)
> +
> +check: all
> +     for test in $(TESTS); do ./$$test; done
> +
> +%.o: %.c
> +     $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^
> +
> +%: %.o
> +     $(CC) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS)
> +
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/balloon01
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/balloon01   Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
> +#!/bin/bash
> +
> +#
> +# Copyright (c) International Business Machines  Corp., 2005 # This 
> +program is free software;  you can redistribute it and/or 
> modify # it 
> +under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
> published by # the 
> +Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at 
> +your option) any later version.
> +#
> +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be 
> useful, # but 
> +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of # 
> +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See # the GNU 
> +General Public License for more details.
> +#
> +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public 
> License # 
> +along with this program;  if not, write to the Free Software # 
> +Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
> USA
> +#
> +# Test name: balloon01
> +# Author: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +# Description: Test read from /proc/xen/balloon
> +
> +TESTNAME=balloon01
> +
> +cat /proc/xen/balloon &> /dev/null
> +if [ $? == 0 ]
> +then
> +     echo "$TESTNAME PASS: read from /proc/xen/balloon"
> +else
> +     echo "$TESTNAME FAIL: read from /proc/xen/balloon"
> +fi
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/balloon02
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/balloon02   Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
> +#!/bin/bash
> +
> +#
> +# Copyright (c) International Business Machines  Corp., 2005 # This 
> +program is free software;  you can redistribute it and/or 
> modify # it 
> +under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
> published by # the 
> +Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at 
> +your option) any later version.
> +#
> +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be 
> useful, # but 
> +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of # 
> +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See # the GNU 
> +General Public License for more details.
> +#
> +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public 
> License # 
> +along with this program;  if not, write to the Free Software # 
> +Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
> USA
> +#
> +# Test name: balloon02
> +# Author: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +# Description: Echo a number higher than current requested allocation
> to 
> +#           /proc/xen/balloon, cat balloon and see that requested 
> +#           target changed.
> +
> +TESTNAME=balloon02
> +
> +#Units seem to currently be in kB
> +old_alloc=`cat /proc/xen/balloon |grep Requested |awk -F ' +' '{print
> $3}'`
> +
> +new_alloc=$(( $old_alloc + 4096 ))
> +echo $[new_alloc]K > /proc/xen/balloon
> +check_alloc=`cat /proc/xen/balloon |grep Requested |awk -F ' 
> +' '{print
> $3}'`
> +
> +#cleanup before checking the value and exiting echo $[old_alloc]K > 
> +/proc/xen/balloon
> +
> +if [ $check_alloc == $new_alloc ]
> +then
> +     echo "$TESTNAME PASS: Requested allocation increased 
> from $old_alloc"\
> +             "kB to $new_alloc kB"
> +else
> +     echo "$TESTNAME FAIL: increase Requested allocation by 4k"
> +fi
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/balloon03
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/balloon03   Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
> +#!/bin/bash
> +
> +#
> +# Copyright (c) International Business Machines  Corp., 2005 # This 
> +program is free software;  you can redistribute it and/or 
> modify # it 
> +under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
> published by # the 
> +Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at 
> +your option) any later version.
> +#
> +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be 
> useful, # but 
> +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of # 
> +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See # the GNU 
> +General Public License for more details.
> +#
> +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public 
> License # 
> +along with this program;  if not, write to the Free Software # 
> +Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
> USA
> +#
> +# Test name: balloon03
> +# Author: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +# Description: Echo a number lower than current requested allocation
> to 
> +#           /proc/xen/balloon, cat balloon and see that requested 
> +#           target changed.
> +
> +TESTNAME=balloon03
> +
> +#Units seem to currently be in kB
> +old_alloc=`cat /proc/xen/balloon |grep Requested |awk -F ' +' '{print
> $3}'`
> +
> +new_alloc=$(( $old_alloc - 4096 ))
> +echo $[new_alloc]K > /proc/xen/balloon
> +check_alloc=`cat /proc/xen/balloon |grep Requested |awk -F ' 
> +' '{print
> $3}'`
> +
> +#cleanup before checking the value and exiting echo $[old_alloc]K > 
> +/proc/xen/balloon
> +
> +if [ $check_alloc == $new_alloc ]
> +then
> +     echo "$TESTNAME PASS: Requested allocation decreased 
> from $old_alloc"\
> +             "kB to $new_alloc kB"
> +else
> +     echo "$TESTNAME FAIL: decrease Requested allocation by 4k"
> +fi
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/balloon04
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/balloon04   Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
> +#!/bin/bash
> +
> +#
> +# Copyright (c) International Business Machines  Corp., 2005 # This 
> +program is free software;  you can redistribute it and/or 
> modify # it 
> +under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
> published by # the 
> +Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at 
> +your option) any later version.
> +#
> +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be 
> useful, # but 
> +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of # 
> +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See # the GNU 
> +General Public License for more details.
> +#
> +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public 
> License # 
> +along with this program;  if not, write to the Free Software # 
> +Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
> USA
> +#
> +# Test name: balloon04
> +# Author: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +# Description: Allocate some memory for the domain, then use
> +#              /proc/xen/balloon to reduce available memory to less
> than
> +#              what is allocated
> +
> +TESTNAME=balloon04
> +
> +old_alloc=`cat /proc/xen/balloon |grep Requested |awk -F ' +' '{print
> $3}'`
> +
> +#Allocating 128 MB, reducing memory to 120 MB new_alloc=$(( 
> 120 * 1024 
> +)) ./memsteal 128& cpid=$!
> +sleep 2
> +
> +echo $[new_alloc]K > /proc/xen/balloon
> +#wait a moment for it to settle
> +sleep 3
> +echo $[old_alloc]K > /proc/xen/balloon
> +kill $cpid
> +
> +#If you make it this far, the test passed echo "$TESTNAME PASS: 
> +Requested allocation reduced to $new_alloc kB"
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/balloon05
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/balloon05   Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
> +#!/bin/bash
> +
> +#
> +# Copyright (c) International Business Machines  Corp., 2005 # This 
> +program is free software;  you can redistribute it and/or 
> modify # it 
> +under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
> published by # the 
> +Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at 
> +your option) any later version.
> +#
> +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be 
> useful, # but 
> +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of # 
> +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See # the GNU 
> +General Public License for more details.
> +#
> +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public 
> License # 
> +along with this program;  if not, write to the Free Software # 
> +Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
> USA
> +#
> +# Test name: balloon05
> +# Author: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +# Description: Try to give /proc/xen/balloon a value larger than the 
> +#           available RAM in the system.
> +
> +TESTNAME=balloon05
> +
> +#Units seem to currently be in kB
> +old_alloc=`cat /proc/xen/balloon |grep Requested |awk -F ' +' '{print
> $3}'`
> +
> +#If you have more than 70GB, either change this number or 
> take some of
> that 
> +#out and send it my way :)
> +new_alloc=73400320
> +
> +echo $[new_alloc]K > /proc/xen/balloon
> +check_alloc=`cat /proc/xen/balloon |grep Requested |awk -F ' 
> +' '{print
> $3}'`
> +
> +#cleanup before checking the value and exiting echo $[old_alloc]K > 
> +/proc/xen/balloon
> +
> +if [ $check_alloc == $new_alloc ]
> +then
> +     echo "$TESTNAME PASS: Requested alloc. increased from 
> $old_alloc"\
> +             "kB to $new_alloc kB"
> +else
> +     echo "$TESTNAME FAIL: increase Requested allocation to 70GB"
> +fi
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/balloon06
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/balloon06   Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
> +#!/bin/bash
> +
> +#
> +# Copyright (c) International Business Machines  Corp., 2005 # This 
> +program is free software;  you can redistribute it and/or 
> modify # it 
> +under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
> published by # the 
> +Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at 
> +your option) any later version.
> +#
> +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be 
> useful, # but 
> +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of # 
> +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See # the GNU 
> +General Public License for more details.
> +#
> +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public 
> License # 
> +along with this program;  if not, write to the Free Software # 
> +Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
> USA
> +#
> +# Test name: balloon06
> +# Author: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +# Description: Try to give /proc/xen/balloon a value way too 
> low, such
> as 4k
> +#
> +# Warning: Known to crash at the time this was written
> +
> +TESTNAME=balloon06
> +
> +old_alloc=`cat /proc/xen/balloon |grep Requested |awk -F ' +' '{print
> $3}'`
> +new_alloc=4
> +
> +echo
> '*************************************************************
> *********'
> +echo '* Warning!!! About to run a test that is known to hang or crash
> *'
> +echo '* the system! Abort now, echo if you wish, sleeping for 10
> seconds.  *'
> +echo
> '*************************************************************
> *********'
> +sleep 10
> +
> +echo $[new_alloc]K > /proc/xen/balloon
> +sleep 3
> +echo $[old_alloc]K > /proc/xen/balloon
> +echo "$TESTNAME PASS: Requested allocation reduced to $new_alloc kB"
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/balloon07.c
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/balloon07.c Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
> +/*
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) International Business Machines  Corp., 2005
> + * This program is free software;  you can redistribute it and/or
> modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
> published by
> + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
> + * (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See
> + * the GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with this program;  if not, write to the Free Software
> + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 
> 02111-1307
> USA
> + *
> + * Test name: balloon07
> + * Author: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> + * Description: Open /proc/xen/balloon as non-root user, 
> expect -EACCES 
> + */
> +
> +#include <errno.h>
> +#include <fcntl.h>
> +#include <pwd.h>
> +#include <stdio.h>
> +#include <stdlib.h>
> +#include <string.h>
> +#include <unistd.h>
> +#include <sys/types.h>
> +#include <sys/stat.h>
> +
> +#define TESTNAME "balloon07"
> +
> +int main(void)
> +{
> +     int fd;
> +     int err;
> +     char username[] = "nobody";
> +     struct passwd *user;
> +
> +     user = getpwnam(username);
> +
> +     if (setreuid(user->pw_uid, user->pw_uid) == -1) {
> +             printf("%s FAIL: setreuid(): %s\n",TESTNAME, 
> strerror(errno));
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +
> +     fd = open("/proc/xen/balloon", O_RDWR);
> +     err = errno;
> +     if (fd != -1) {
> +             printf("%s FAIL: Write to /proc/xen/balloon as 
> non-root "
> +                    "user succeeded\n", TESTNAME);
> +             close(fd);
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +     if (err != 13) {
> +             printf("%s FAIL: Write to /proc/xen/balloon as 
> non-root "
> +                    "got errno %d, expected 13\n", TESTNAME, err);
> +             close(fd);
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +     printf("%s PASS: Write to /proc/xen/balloon as non-root 
> user failed "
> +            "with -EACCES\n", TESTNAME);
> +     close(fd);
> +     exit(0);
> +}
> +
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/balloon08.c
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/balloon08.c Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
> +/*
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) International Business Machines  Corp., 2005
> + * This program is free software;  you can redistribute it and/or
> modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
> published by
> + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
> + * (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See
> + * the GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with this program;  if not, write to the Free Software
> + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 
> 02111-1307
> USA
> + *
> + * Test name: balloon08
> + * Author: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> + * Description: Write 1 byte to /proc/xen/balloon, expect -EBADMSG */
> +
> +#include <errno.h>
> +#include <fcntl.h>
> +#include <stdio.h>
> +#include <stdlib.h>
> +#include <string.h>
> +#include <unistd.h>
> +#include <sys/types.h>
> +#include <sys/stat.h>
> +
> +#define TESTNAME "balloon08"
> +
> +int main(void)
> +{
> +     int fd;
> +     int ret, err;
> +
> +     fd = open("/proc/xen/balloon", O_RDWR);
> +     if (fd == -1) {
> +             printf("%s FAIL: failed to open 
> /proc/xen/balloon, %s\n",
> +                     TESTNAME, strerror(errno));
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +     ret = write(fd, "a", 1);
> +     err = errno;
> +     if (ret != -1) {
> +             printf("%s FAIL: Write 1 byte to 
> /proc/xen/balloon succeeded\n",
> +                     TESTNAME);
> +             close(fd);
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +     if (err != 74) {
> +             printf("%s FAIL: Write 1 byte got errno %d, 
> expected 74\n",
> +                     TESTNAME, err);
> +             close(fd);
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +     printf("%s PASS: Write 1 byte failed with -EBADMSG\n",
> +             TESTNAME);
> +     close(fd);
> +     exit(0);
> +}
> +
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/balloon09.c
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/balloon09.c Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
> +/*
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) International Business Machines  Corp., 2005
> + * This program is free software;  you can redistribute it and/or
> modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
> published by
> + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
> + * (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See
> + * the GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with this program;  if not, write to the Free Software
> + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 
> 02111-1307
> USA
> + *
> + * Test name: balloon09
> + * Author: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> + * Description: Write >64 bytes to /proc/xen/balloon, expect 
> -EFBIG */
> +
> +#include <errno.h>
> +#include <fcntl.h>
> +#include <stdio.h>
> +#include <stdlib.h>
> +#include <string.h>
> +#include <unistd.h>
> +#include <sys/types.h>
> +#include <sys/stat.h>
> +
> +#define TESTNAME "balloon09"
> +#define STRSIZE 100
> +
> +int main(void)
> +{
> +     int fd;
> +     int ret, err, i;
> +     char str[STRSIZE];
> +
> +     for(i=0;i<64;i++) {
> +             *(str + i) = 'a';
> +     }
> +
> +     fd = open("/proc/xen/balloon", O_RDWR);
> +     if (fd == -1) {
> +             printf("%s FAIL: failed to open 
> /proc/xen/balloon, %s\n",
> +                     TESTNAME, strerror(errno));
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +     ret = write(fd, str, sizeof(str));
> +     err = errno;
> +     if (ret != -1) {
> +             printf("%s FAIL: Write 1 byte to 
> /proc/xen/balloon succeeded\n",
> +                     TESTNAME);
> +             close(fd);
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +     if (err != 27) {
> +             printf("%s FAIL: Write 1 byte got errno %d, 
> expected 27\n",
> +                     TESTNAME, err);
> +             close(fd);
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +     printf("%s PASS: Write 1 byte failed with -EFBIG as expected\n",
> +             TESTNAME);
> +     close(fd);
> +     exit(0);
> +}
> +
> diff -r b63577ff53a3 -r fa47e95d40dc tools/tests/balloon/memsteal.c
> --- /dev/null Fri Aug  5 14:57:43 2005
> +++ b/tools/tests/balloon/memsteal.c  Fri Aug  5 16:57:07 2005
> @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
> +/*
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) International Business Machines  Corp., 2005
> + * This program is free software;  you can redistribute it and/or
> modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
> published by
> + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
> + * (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See
> + * the GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with this program;  if not, write to the Free Software
> + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 
> 02111-1307
> USA
> + *
> + * Test name: memsteal
> + * Author: Paul Larson <pl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> + * Description: simple memory allocator */
> +
> +#include <errno.h>
> +#include <stdio.h>
> +#include <stdlib.h>
> +#include <unistd.h>
> +#include <sys/mman.h>
> +
> +int main(int argc, char **argv)
> +{
> +     int i;
> +     size_t memsize;
> +     char *chunk;
> +
> +     if (argc != 2) {
> +             printf("usage: memsteal [Memory in MB]\n"
> +                    "Allocates given amount of memory, 
> touches the pages,\n"
> +                    "and waits for a signal to exit.\n\n");
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +     memsize = atol(argv[1]) * 1024 * 1024;
> +     chunk = mmap(0, memsize, PROT_WRITE, 
> MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0);
> +     if (chunk == NULL) {
> +             perror("mmap()");
> +             exit(1);
> +     }
> +     for(i=0;i<memsize;i+=4096) {
> +             chunk[i]='a';
> +     }
> +     pause();
> +     exit(0);
> +}
> 
> 

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