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Re: [Xen-devel] [RFC][Patches] Xen 1GB Page Table Support

To: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@xxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: Re: [Xen-devel] [RFC][Patches] Xen 1GB Page Table Support
From: Wei Huang <wei.huang2@xxxxxxx>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2009 13:51:58 -0500
Cc: George Dunlap <George.Dunlap@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>, xen-devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, keir.fraser@xxxxxxxxxxxxx, Tim Deegan <Tim.Deegan@xxxxxxxxxx>
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Dan,

Thanks for your comments. I am not sure about which splintering overhead you are referring to. I can think of three areas:

1. splintering in page allocation
In this case, Xen fails to allocate requested page order. So it falls back to smaller pages to setup p2m table. The overhead is O(guest_mem_size), which is a one-time deal.

2. P2M splits large page into smaller pages
This is one directional because we don't merge smaller pages to large ones. The worst case is to split all guest large pages. So overhead is O(total_large_page_mem). In long run, the overhead will converge to 0 because it is one-directional. Note this overhead also covers when PoD feature is enabled.

3. CPU splintering
If CPU does not support 1GB page, it automatically does splintering using smaller ones (such as 2MB). In this case, the overhead is always there. But 1) this only happens to a small number of old chips; 2) I believe that it is still faster than 4K pages. CPUID (1gb feature and 1gb TLB entries) can be used to detect and stop this problem, if we don't really like it.

I agree on your concerns. Customers should have the right to make their own decision. But that require new feature is enabled in the first place. For a lot of benchmarks, splintering overhead can be offset with benefits of huge pages. SPECJBB is a good example of using large pages (see Ben Serebrin's presentation in Xen Summit). With that said, I agree with the idea of adding a new option in guest configure file.

-Wei


Dan Magenheimer wrote:
I'd like to reiterate my argument raised in a previous
discussion of hugepages:  Just because this CAN be made
to work, doesn't imply that it SHOULD be made to work.
Real users use larger pages in their OS for the sole
reason that they expect a performance improvement.
If it magically works, but works slow (and possibly
slower than if the OS had just used small pages to
start with), this is likely to lead to unsatisfied
customers, and perhaps allegations such as "Xen sucks
when running databases".

So, please, let's think this through before implementing
it just because we can.  At a minimum, an administrator
should be somehow warned if large pages are getting splintered.

And if its going in over my objection, please tie it to
a boot option that defaults off so administrator action
is required to allow silent splintering.

My two cents...
Dan

-----Original Message-----
From: Huang2, Wei [mailto:Wei.Huang2@xxxxxxx]
Sent: Thursday, March 19, 2009 2:07 AM
To: George Dunlap
Cc: xen-devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx; keir.fraser@xxxxxxxxxxxxx; Tim Deegan
Subject: RE: [Xen-devel] [RFC][Patches] Xen 1GB Page Table Support


Here are patches using the middle approach. It handles 1GB pages in PoD
by remapping 1GB with 2MB pages & retry. I also added code for 1GB
detection. Please comment.

Thanks a lot,

-Wei

-----Original Message-----
From: dunlapg@xxxxxxxxx [mailto:dunlapg@xxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of George
Dunlap
Sent: Wednesday, March 18, 2009 12:20 PM
To: Huang2, Wei
Cc: xen-devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx; keir.fraser@xxxxxxxxxxxxx; Tim Deegan
Subject: Re: [Xen-devel] [RFC][Patches] Xen 1GB Page Table Support

Thanks for doing this work, Wei -- especially all the extra effort for
the PoD integration.

One question: How well would you say you've tested the PoD
functionality?  Or to put it the other way, how much do I need to
prioritize testing this before the 3.4 release?

It wouldn't be a bad idea to do as you suggested, and break things
into 2 meg pages for the PoD case.  In order to take the best
advantage of this in a PoD scenario, you'd need to have a balloon
driver that could allocate 1G of continuous *guest* p2m space, which
seems a bit optimistic at this point...

 -George

2009/3/18 Huang2, Wei <Wei.Huang2@xxxxxxx>:
Current Xen supports 2MB super pages for NPT/EPT. The
attached patches
extend this feature to support 1GB pages. The PoD
(populate-on-demand)
introduced by George Dunlap made P2M modification harder. I tried to
preserve existing PoD design by introducing a 1GB PoD cache list.



Note that 1GB PoD can be dropped if we don't care about 1GB when PoD
is
enabled. In this case, we can just split 1GB PDPE into 512x2MB PDE
entries
and grab pages from PoD super list. That can pretty much make
1gb_p2m_pod.patch go away.



Any comment/suggestion on design idea will be appreciated.



Thanks,



-Wei





The following is the description:

=== 1gb_tools.patch ===

Extend existing setup_guest() function. Basically, it tries to
allocate 1GB
pages whenever available. If this request fails, it falls
back to 2MB.
If
both fail, then 4KB pages will be used.



=== 1gb_p2m.patch ===

* p2m_next_level()

Check PSE bit of L3 page table entry. If 1GB is found (PSE=1), we
split 1GB
into 512 2MB pages.



* p2m_set_entry()

Configure the PSE bit of L3 P2M table if page order == 18 (1GB).



* p2m_gfn_to_mfn()

Add support for 1GB case when doing gfn to mfn translation. When L3
entry is
marked as POPULATE_ON_DEMAND, we call 2m_pod_demand_populate().
Otherwise,
we do the regular address translation (gfn ==> mfn).



* p2m_gfn_to_mfn_current()

This is similar to p2m_gfn_to_mfn(). When L3 entry s marked as
POPULATE_ON_DEMAND, it demands a populate using
p2m_pod_demand_populate().
Otherwise, it does a normal translation. 1GB page is taken into
consideration.



* set_p2m_entry()

Request 1GB page



* audit_p2m()

Support 1GB while auditing p2m table.



* p2m_change_type_global()

Deal with 1GB page when changing global page type.



=== 1gb_p2m_pod.patch ===

* xen/include/asm-x86/p2m.h

Minor change to deal with PoD. It separates super page
cache list into
2MB
and 1GB lists. Similarly, we record last gpfn of sweeping
for both 2MB
and
1GB.



* p2m_pod_cache_add()

Check page order and add 1GB super page into PoD 1GB cache list.



* p2m_pod_cache_get()

Grab a page from cache list. It tries to break 1GB page into 512 2MB
pages
if 2MB PoD list is empty. Similarly, 4KB can be requested from super
pages.
The breaking order is 2MB then 1GB.



* p2m_pod_cache_target()

This function is used to set PoD cache size. To increase PoD target,
we try
to allocate 1GB from xen domheap. If this fails, we try 2MB. If both
fail,
we try 4KB which is guaranteed to work.



To decrease the target, we use a similar approach. We first try to
free 1GB
pages from 1GB PoD cache list. If such request fails, we try 2MB PoD
cache
list. If both fail, we try 4KB list.



* p2m_pod_zero_check_superpage_1gb()

This adds a new function to check for 1GB page. This function is
similar to
p2m_pod_zero_check_superpage_2mb().



* p2m_pod_zero_check_superpage_1gb()

We add a new function to sweep 1GB page from guest memory.
This is the
same
as p2m_pod_zero_check_superpage_2mb().



* p2m_pod_demand_populate()

The trick of this function is to do remap_and_retry if
p2m_pod_cache_get()
fails. When p2m_pod_get() fails, this function will splits p2m table
entry
into smaller ones (e.g. 1GB ==> 2MB or 2MB ==> 4KB). That can
guarantee
populate demands always work.





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